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P0720 — Output Shaft Speed Sensor Circuit

Generic OBD-II · all makesPowertrain (engine & transmission)

P0720 indicates the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) has lost or abnormal signal from the Output Shaft Speed Sensor (OSS), also called the Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS). This sensor monitors transmission output shaft RPM, which is critical for proper transmission shifting, speedometer operation, and vehicle stability systems.

Symptoms

What causes it — most likely first

1. Failed Output Shaft Speed Sensor

The sensor itself has failed, either due to internal electrical failure or contamination from metal debris in transmission fluid.

2. Wiring or Connector Damage

Corroded, broken, or shorted wiring in the sensor circuit, often due to age, heat, or chafing against other components.

3. Damaged Tone Ring

The tone ring (pulse wheel) on the output shaft has missing, damaged, or contaminated teeth, preventing accurate speed detection.

4. Sensor Mounting Issue

The sensor is not properly seated, is damaged, or the mounting surface is contaminated, causing intermittent signal.

5. Contaminated Sensor

Metal particles or debris on the sensor tip can interfere with the magnetic or Hall-effect signal generation.

6. PCM Fault (Rare)

The PCM itself has failed or has an internal circuit problem affecting speed sensor input processing.

How it's diagnosed

  1. Connect OBD-II scanner and confirm P0720 is present, noting freeze frame data
  2. Perform visual inspection of the OSS sensor, wiring, and connectors for obvious damage
  3. Check for proper voltage reference and ground at the sensor connector with key on
  4. Test the OSS sensor resistance/output signal using multimeter or oscilloscope
  5. Inspect the tone ring on the output shaft for missing or damaged teeth
  6. Verify the signal at the PCM connector matches expected readings for the vehicle speed

Code facts & related codes

SystemPowertrain (engine & transmission)
StandardizationSAE generic — identical on every make

Frequently asked

Can I drive with a P0720 code?

The vehicle can typically be driven, but expect malfunctioning speedometer, potentially harsh transmission shifting, and inoperative cruise control. Some safety systems may also be affected.

Why was I told to replace the PCM for P0720?

This sometimes happens due to misdiagnosis or when other obvious causes have been ruled out. However, PCM failure is very rare for this code—the sensor, wiring, or tone ring is the cause in the overwhelming majority of cases.

Can I replace the sensor myself?

On most vehicles, the OSS sensor is accessible and can be replaced with basic tools. Some may require transmission fluid draining or special procedures—consult a repair manual for your specific vehicle.

Will this clear itself if I disconnect the battery?

No. The code will remain stored until the underlying issue is properly diagnosed and repaired. Clearing codes without fixing the problem will result in the light returning.