The engine computer has detected an unexpected increase in air mass flow that does not align with the commanded position of the throttle actuator. This indicates that air is entering the engine bypassing the controlled throttle plate or that the airflow sensor is reporting incorrect data.
Torn intake boots, loose clamps, or cracked hoses between the MAF sensor and the throttle body allow unmetered air into the system.
A contaminated or failing MAF sensor may send erratic voltage spikes to the PCM, simulating a sudden surge of air.
Carbon deposits around the throttle plate can cause it to stick or snap open/closed unexpectedly.
Leaks in the intake manifold gaskets or vacuum lines can cause unexpected air flow fluctuations.
An inaccurate TPS reading may lead the PCM to believe the throttle is closed when it is actually open.
Internal circuit failure or software corruption in the engine control module may cause incorrect processing of sensor data.
Yes, any leak that allows air to enter the intake manifold after the MAF sensor can cause the PCM to detect an air flow discrepancy.
No. It is very rare for the PCM to be the cause of this code; it is almost always a result of a physical air leak or a sensor malfunction.
If the sensor is dirty, cleaning it may resolve the issue, but you must first ensure there are no holes in the intake boots.